There is an old Hotel/Pub in Marble Arch, London, which used to have a gallows adjacent to it. Prisoners were taken to the gallows (after a fair trial of course) to be hanged. The horse-drawn dray, carting the prisoner, was accompanied by an armed guard that would stop the dray outside the pub and ask the prisoner if he would like one last drink. If he said yes, it was referred to as one for the road. If he declined, that prisoner was on the wagon.
Urine was used to tan animal skins, so families used to all pee in a pot and then it was taken once a day to be sold to the tannery. If you had to do this to survive you were piss poor but worse were the really poor folk, who couldn't even afford to buy a pot; they didn't have a pot to piss in and were the lowest of the low.
Most people got married in June, because they took their yearly bath in May; they still smelled pretty good by June. However, since they were starting to smell, brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odour; hence the custom today of carrying a bouquet when getting married.
Baths consisted of a big tub filled with hot water. The man of the house had the privilege of the nice clean water, then all the other sons and men, then the women and finally the children. Last of all came the babies. By then the water was so dirty you could actually lose someone in it: hence the saying, don't throw the baby out with the bath water!
Houses had thatched roofs, thick straw piled high, with no wood underneath. It was the only place for animals to keep warm, so all the cats and other small animals (mice, bugs etc.) lived in the roof. When it rained it became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip and fall off the roof; hence the saying it's raining cats and dogs.
There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real problem in the bedroom, where bugs and other droppings could soil your nice clean bed. Hence, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection, and canopy beds came into existence.
Usually, the floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt. Hence the saying dirt poor arose. The wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh (straw) on floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on they added more thresh until, when you opened the door, it would all start slipping outside. A piece of wood was placed in the entrance way, and it became known as a thresh-hold.
In those old days, cooking was carried out in the kitchen with a big kettle that always hung over the fire. Every day they lit the fire and added things to the pot. They ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat. They would eat the stew for dinner, leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight. This would be repeated the next day. Sometimes stew had food in it that had been there for quite a while; hence the rhyme peas porridge hot, peas porridge cold, peas porridge in the pot, nine days old.
Sometimes pork could be obtained, which made households feel quite special. When visitors came over they would hang up their bacon, in order to show off. It was a sign of wealth that a man could bring home the bacon. A little would be cut off to share with guests and all would sit around talking and chewing the fat.
Those with money had plates made of pewter. Food with high acid content caused some of the lead to leach onto the food, causing lead poisoning and eventual death. This happened most often with tomatoes, so for the next 400 years or so tomatoes were considered poisonous. Bread was divided according to status. Workers got the burnt bottom of the loaf, the family got the middle, and guests got the top, or the upper crust.
Lead cups were used to drink ale or whisky. The combination would sometimes knock imbibers out for a couple of days. Someone walking along the road would discover a body and take it for dead and prepare for a burial. Laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days, the family would gather around and eat and drink, and wait and see if the body would wake up; hence the custom of holding a wake.
England is old and small and the local folks started running out of places to bury people, so they would dig up coffins and would take the bones to a bone-house and reuse the grave. When reopening these coffins, 1 out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside and it was realised they had been burying people alive. So they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse, thread it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit in the graveyard all night (the graveyard shift) to listen for the bell; thus someone could be saved by the bell or he was considered a dead ringer.