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White’s Directory of Essex 1848
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 is the commonly used name for William White’s book:
History, Gazetteer, and Directory of the County of Essex, published in 1848.
It is a large Victorian reference book of more than 700 pages, combining three things:
i) History — brief accounts of Essex towns, villages, churches, manors and notable buildings.
ii) Gazetteer — descriptions of each place, including its location, population, land ownership, agriculture and local institutions.
iii) Directory — lists of local residents and tradespeople, such as farmers, shopkeepers, clergy, innkeepers, craftsmen and landowners.
For local historians, it is particularly useful because it gives a snapshot of Essex in the late 1840s, shortly after the 1841 census. A village entry may include:
1. population and acreage;
2. principal landowners and manors;
3. church and chapel information;
4. schools and charities;
5. farms, inns and businesses;
6. named inhabitants and their occupations;
7. postal arrangements and nearby railway stations.
It was compiled by William White, a Sheffield publisher who produced commercial directories for many English counties. The entries were assembled from questionnaires, local information and existing records, so they are extremely valuable but not always completely accurate. Names, spellings and occupations should ideally be checked against parish registers, censuses, tithe records or other contemporary sources.
Article · 1 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Theydon Mount
THOYDON-MOUNT, a pleasant village on a bold eminence, overlooking the vale of the river Roding, 3 miles South East of Epping, has in its parish 217 souls, and 1468 acres of land, nearly all the property or the lord of the manor, Sir E.B. Smijth, Bart., who has a large and elegant seat here, called HILL HALL, encompassed by a large and well-wooded park, commanding extensive prospects in every direction. The house is a noble quadrangular erection, with massive walls, and a handsome front, ornamented with three-quarter pillars and a neat cornice. The interior exhibits correct specimens of the four orders of architecture, and in the great hall are some fine portraits, and some specimens of ancient armour and arms. The erection of this stately building was commenced, on the site of the ancient manor-house, in 1548, by an ancestor of the present owner, but considerable alterations have been made at much later periods. The eastern side was rebuilt in 1716, and is in the decorated Grecian style. The manor was held by Godric, in the reign of Edward the Confessor, and by Henry de Essex, in the reign of Henry II. It afterwards passed to the Wallerand, Sutton, and Hampden families, and it passed from the latter in 1577, to Sir William Smijth, whose descendant, Sir Thomas Smijth, was created a baronet in 1661. Roger de Clarendon, a natural son of Edward the Black Prince, is the recorded ancestor of the Smijth family.
The Church (St. Michael,) is a small handsome structure in the Park, and was rebuilt in the 17th century, after the old one had been destroyed by lightning. It contains numerous monuments of the Smijth family, one of whom was Sir Thomas Smijth, Kt., who died in 1577, aged 65, and was distinguished as a philosopher, statesman, mathematician, linguist, historian. etc. He wrote many valuable and learned works, and was Secretary of State to Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth. The benefice is a rectory, consolidated with that of Stapleford Tawney.
List of Inhabitants:
- Thomas Byford, schoolmaster
- Edward Hoyle, shopkeeper
- Simon Merriday, smith
- Mary Merriday, schoolmistress
Farmers.
- Richard Hampton
- Samuel Miller
- Daniel Rumball
- Jane Smith
- James Spencer
- Francis Tanner
Article · 2 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Stanford Rivers
WNg of Essex 1848 - Stanford Rivers
A pleasant scattered village on the western side of the vale of the river Roding, and on the acclivity between two of its tributary streams, from 2 to 3 miles South West of Chipping Ongar, has in its parish 972 inhabitants, and 4386 acres of land. Some of its houses are on the London and Ongar road, near Ongar Union Work-house. At the Norman survey, this fertile and picturesque parish was held by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, and it afterwards passed to the Lucy, Rivers, Petre, and other families. It now belongs chiefly to Sir C.C. Smith, Bart., and Capel Cure, Esq., and is in the Liberty of the Ducby of Lancaster. The principal manors and estates are Stanford Hall, Bellhouse, Berwicks-and-Caunes, and Littlebury and Rochenhoe. There was formerly a park here, holden of the King, as of the Honor of Boulogne, by the de Walden family, in the 14th century.
The Church (St. Margaret,) is a plain old fabric; with a wooden belfry and spire, and in the interior are several memorials of the Petre, Green, Mulcaster, and other families. The rectory, valucd in K.B. at £26.13s.4d., and in 1831 at £1025, is in the patronage of the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and incumbeney of the Rev. E.C. Dowdeswell, D.D., who has 56A.2R.29P. of glebe, and a handsome residence, finely embowered in trees. The tithes were commuted in 1842, for £1020 per annum. Here is a neat Independent Chapel, belonging to a congregation formed in 1822. The poor parishioners have 5s. a year, left by Thomas Petit, of Greensted; and they had an annuity of 40s., left by William Green, in 1554, but it has been lost many years.
Inhabitants
- John Barnard, baker and victualler, White Bear
- Charles Carter, butcher
- Rev. Edward Dowdeswell D.D., Rector & Canon of Christ Chapel, Oxford
- Rev. Cosmo Spencer Gordon B.A., curate
- John Halls, corn miller
- John Mansfield, cattle salesman
- John Mott, carpenter
- William Mott, cattle salesman
- Joseph Henry Nicholas, master of Ongar Union Workhouse
- William Pavitt, wheelwright
- William Rayner, bricklayer
- Edward Rowan, victualler, Green Man
- Henry Rudd, blacksmith
- Mary Sewell, matron, Workhouse
- Isaac Taylor, gentleman
- Thomas Thompson, relieving officer and registrar
Farmers.
- Daniel Allen
- Charles Baker
- Mary Barton
- Augustus Berkeley
- William Clark
- Thomas Clements
- Robert Dix, Hall
- James Hawes
- Robert Hill, Morrells
- Mary Jennings, Caunes
- William Kynaston, Littlebury
- William Lamb
- John Mott
- Mary Mott
- James Noakes
- Thomas Oldham, Berwicks
- John Palmer, Traceys
- Henry Pavitt
- Matthew Playle
- John Sallibrass, Ongar Park
- Jonathan Stokes, Passingford Bridge
- Rev. R. Waller (home, Great Birch)
- Isaac Ward
- Mary Waterhouse
Shoemakers
- Edward Garrett
- James Sharp
Shopkeepers.
- Michael Connolly
- James Green
- George Vale.
Article · 3 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Stapleford Tawney
STAPLEFORD TAWNEY
STAPLEFORD TAWNEY is a parish of scattered houses on the northern acclivities of the vale of the Roding, from 31/2 to 5 miles South East of Epping, and 5 miles South South West of Chipping Ongar. It contains 355 inhabitants and 1552 acres of land, rising boldly from Passingford Bridge, on the Roding, near which is Suttons, the handsome and pleasant seat of Sir C.C. Smith, Bart., the lord of the manor of Suttons. Stapleford Tawney Hall, which is now a farm house, was anciently a seat of the Tawney, or Tany family, and afterwards passed to the Drokensford, Mandeville, Spice, Alleyn. and Thompson families. It gives name to the principal manor, which was sold in 1716 to an ancestor of its present owner, Sir E.B. Smijth, Bart., of Hill Hall, a large and beautiful seat in the adjoining parish of Theydon Mount. Several smaller owners have estates in the parish, which belonged to Godric before the Conquest, and to Suene at the Norman Survey
The Church (Virgin Mary,) is a small ancient structure, consisting of a nave, a chancel with a south aisle, and a wooden belfry, crowned by a short spire, The rectory, with that of Thoydon Mount annexed to it, is valued in K.B. at £15,8s.8d., and in 1831 at £738. The joint benefices are in the gift of Sir E,B. Smijth, Bart., and incumbency of the Rev. Henry Soames, M.A., who has here a large and handsome white brick residence, and 116A, of glebe. The tithes of the two parishes were commuted in 1837 for £700 per annum. The poor of Stapleford Tawney have 4A. of land left by an unknown donor, and now let for £6.10s .; and also a yearly rent charge of £5, left by Thomas Luther, in 1718, out of a farm of 18A., now belonging to Mr. Jones. The School-house is occupied by the schoolmaster rent free, and was built by Jane Luther, who, in 1745, left the following yearly rent charge out of an estate at Little Warley, viz., 5s. to the parish clerk for weeding the gravel walk leading to the church; and £2.17s.6d. each to this parish and that of Kelvedon Hatch, for distribution in bread among the poor
Inhabitants
- Mary Cooper, victualler, Talbot Inn
- William Dawkins, blacksmith
- John Pavitt , shopkeeper
- William Roach, grocer, Post Office
- Sir. C. Cunliffe Smith, Bart
- Rev. Henry Soames M.A., Rural Dean, Rector of Stapleford Tawney, with Thoydon Mount & Shelley, & Chancellor of St. Paul's, Rectory
Farmers.
- Henry Dawkins
- Charles Clark
- Foster Charlton
- William Walker
- Ralph Charlton
- John Rumbald
- William Sworder
Article · 4 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Chipping Ongar
ONGAR (CHIPPING) is a small and remarkably clean and neat market town, pleasantly situated betwixt and near the confluence of the river Roding and the Cripsey brook, on the London and Dunmow road, 20 miles North East of the former, 14 miles South by West of the latter, 7 miles North North West of Brentwood, 7 miles East by North of Epping, and 11 miles West by South of Chelmsford. It gives the name to Ongar Union and Hundred. lis parish has only 870 inhabitants, and 452 acres of land, but the town popularly called ONGAR, has a large suburb, in the parish of High Ongar, on the opposite side of the Roding, and a smaller one in Greensted parish, on the opposite side of the Cripsey brook, so that the total population of the town and suburbs is about 1800. The Market, formerly held on Tuesday, is now held on Saturday, and has much improved of late years. Petty Sessions are held on the same day, in the Town Hall, over the Market House, which was repaired some years ago. A statute fair, for hiring servants, etc., is held on Oct. 12th. The appellation chipping is a corruption of cheap-ing, and was derived from the field where the market and fairs were held in ancient times.
The town is lit with gas, and consists chiefly of one long and wide street, in which are many good houses, most of which are cemented, whitewashed, or constructed of white brick. It is approached on one side by a bridge or three arches, over the Roding; and on the other, by a bridge of one arch, over the Cripsey brook. In some records, it is called Angre, Angria, and Aungre; and, from its castle, it was sometimes called Ongar de Castrum. At the Domesday survey, the manor was held by Eustace, Ear! of Boulogne, whose granddaughter, Maud, conveyed it in marriage to King Stephen, whose son, William, gave it to Lord Richard de Lucy, of Diss, Norfolk, together with Greensted and several other manors. This nobleman was Lord Chief Justice of England, and his manors in this neighbourhood were created into an Honor.
He built a Castle here, on the summit of a high artificial hill, surrounded by a deep and broad moat; but Mr Gough supposes this fortress to have been formed out of a more ancient and extensive work, cither Roman or Saxon origin, the entrenchments of which are supposed to have encompassed the site of the town. The moat which surrounded the keep is generally filled with water, and the sides of the mount are planted with trees and shrubs, through which a steep winding path leads to the summit, where the chief part of the building stood, but being ruinous, it was pulled down in the reign of Elizabeth, by William Morice, who erected on the site a brick building. The latter was taken down in 1744, by the then owner, Edward Alexander, Esq., who built on the site a handsome summer house, but it is now in ruins. The summit of the hill commands extensive prospects over the surrounding country, and at the foot of it, on the opposite side of the moat, is the Castle House, and farm yard, now occupied by Mr. William Coe. From the Alexander family the manor and the site of the castle have descended to their present owner, E. Alexander Bennett, Esq., but part of the parish belongs to Capel Cure, Esq., John Barnes, Esq., and several smaller proprietors.
The Church (St. Martin,) is a small neat structure and has many Roman bricks worked up in its walls. It has a belfry, crowned by a wooden spire; and at the west end, a new porch has recently been erected. Among the monumental inscriptions in the interior are several belonging to the Alexander and other families, and one in memory of Jane, daughter of Oliver Cromwell, who died in 1637. Foundations of Roman buildings are said to have been dug up in the churchyard, and, as a collateral proof of the antiquity of the town, the principal road from London to Colchester is recorded to have passed through it. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in K.B. at £6, and in 1831, at £159. It was augmented in 1721 with £598.10s., obtained from Queen Anne's Bounty, and the gifts of Edward Colston and the Rev. Houblon. It is in the patronage of E.A. Bennett, Esq., and incumbency of the Rev. Edmund Fisher, M.A., who has a small ancient residence, and Sacres of glebe. The tithes were commuted in 1842, for £144 per annum.
Here is an Independent Chapel, and a new parochial school room has recently been erected. A Mechanics' Institution was established in the town in March, 1848, and it already comprises about 90 members, including those who had been some time associated under the name of the Ongar Mutual Improvement Society. C. Cure, Esq., is president; Sir J.E. Swinborne and Henry Bullock, Esq., are vice-presidents; and Mr. J. Wright is secretary of this useful institution.
Ongar Labourers Friend Society was established about five years ago and hold an annual ploughing match in September. Sir E.B. Smijth, Bart., is the patron, and H. Bullock. Esq., the president. Ongar General Friendly Society instituted in 1828, has 58 honorary and 661 subscribing members, and a capital of about £2600. Mr. Charles Mott is the clerk. Ongar and Epping Building Society meets on the first Saturday of every month, at the Crown, and Mr. J. Wright is its secretary. The Savings' Bank, for Ongar and the neighbourhood, is open every Saturday, from 1 till 2, and Mr. T.S. Richardson is the actuary. The Board of Guardians meet every Tuesday, at the Town Hall, but the Union Workhouse is at Stanford Rivers.
List of Inhabitants
- William Baker, solicitor, union clerk, and clerk to magistrates
- James Barlow, carpenter
- Ammon Barltrop, smith, wheelwright and coach maker
- Francis Boyer, wine and spirit merchant
- Mrs. Mary Ann Boyer
- Stephen Clements, carrier
- William Coc, farmer, Castle House
- Mrs. L. Collins
- Mrs. S. Crooks
- Nathan Cook, wheelwright
- Robert Crabb, farmer
- Ann Darby and Harriet Darby, milliners
- Rev. Edmund Fisher M.A., Rectory
- Henry Flood, police superintendent
- Charles Foster, plumber, painter, ctc.
- William Gibson, solicitor and clerk of the peace; house Greenstead Hall
- Miss F. Gidley
- Mrs. E. Mason
- William Hart, fishmonger
- Richard Havers, Esq., agent to London and County Bank
- Captain Thomas Bowes Kersteman
- William King, veterinary surgeon
- Jonathan Lewis, auctioneer and surveyor, Water End Farm
- Charles Mott, stationer, stamp seller, and glass china, etc.
- Richard Noble, builder
- Richard Noble, jun., surveyor
- Mrs. Ann Oldham
- Richard Oliver, veterinary surgeon
- Catherine Parker and Jonah Parker, Berlin wool dealers
- Jeremiah Playl, sen., green grocer
- Mrs. A. Powell
- Mrs. J. Shadrack
- William Rand, brick and tile maker, superintendent of Gas Works
- Thomas Reynolds, furniture broker
- Thomas Stockwell Richardson, book-seller
- William Scruby, stationer and postmaster
- Joseph Spurgin, druggist, dentist
- John Suckling, blacksmith
- Maria Sweetinbourg, dressmaker
- Rev. Charles Jenner Tyrell, Marden Cottage
- John West, coach owner
- Henry Wood, carrier
Inns and Taverns.
- John White, Blue Anchor
- Richard Cooper, Bull
- Francis Starkey, Cock
- William Mulley, Crown Inn
- Elizabeth Rawlings, King's Head
- Joseph Fuller, Lion Inn
- Thomas Holt, White Hart
Academies.
- Thomas Champness
- Mrs. S. Champness (and organist)
- Richard Stokes, boarding
Butchers.
- Stephen Clements
- John Cooper
- Thomas Cowell
- Thomas Gidley
- Elizabeth Perry
Corn Dealers.
- H.A. Johnston (and maltster)
- James Loud
- James Webster
Boot and Shoe Makers.
- Jeremiah Bridge
- John Brown
- Edwin Derham
- George Griffin
- William Hancock
- Mary Mitchell
- Thomas Wood
- William Wood
Bakers.
- Mary Gowee
- Henry Starkey
- Arthur Webster
Drapers.
- George Pollard
- Thomas Sandle
- William Waterhouse
Hair Dressers.
- James Drake
- Thomas Kemp
- Samuel Leah
Grocers, ctc.
- Charles Brown
- Thomas Dobbs
- Philip Haines
- Mary Nottage
- Edward Sammes (and broker)
- John Upton
Ironmongers.
- James Penson
- John Wright
Surgeons
- George Keane, M.D.
- Rupert Pincott
- Frank Dodson Potter
Tailors.
- Edward Darby
- Thomas Cowee
- William Pavitt
- Jeremiah Playl
Saddlers.
- William Parker
- Jonathan Silcock
Watchmakers.
- Bonner Griffin
- John Turner
Article · 5 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Greensted (Full)
GREENSTED is a small scattered village and parish, about one mile W. of Chipping Ongar, from which it is commonly called Greensted near Ongar, to distinguish it from Greensted near Colchester. It has only 159 inhabitants, and 674 acres of land, rising boldly from a tributary stream of the river Roding.
At the Domesday survey it belongs to Hamo Dapifer, and it afterwards passed to the Lucy, Robetier, and other families. The Rev. P Budworth is now lord of the manor, but part of the soil belongs to Mr. Wm. Smith, Mrs. Rayner, and a few smaller owners. The Hall, a large handsome mansion, is now the seat of Wm. Gibson, Esq., and tasteful pleasure grounds, commanding beautiful prospects.
The Church (St. Andrew,) is supposed to be one of the oldest in England, though the nave is constructed of half trucks of oaks, about a foot and a half in diameter, split and roughly hewn at each end, to let them into a sill at the bottom and into a plank at the top, where they are fastened with wooden pegs. This primitive part of the fabric is about to be thoroughly repaired, and is 29ft. 9 in. long, 14ft. wide, and 5'/ft. high, on the sides, which support the original roof. At the west end is a boarded tower, but the chancel is now of brick. Both sides are strengthened by brick buttresses, and on the south is a wooden porch. The roof is of later date, and tiled, but rises to a point in the centre, as originally formed. The chancel has a blunt pointed doorway, with mouldings curiously worked in the bricks. Traditions says that the body of St. Edmund rested here in 1011, when being conveyed to its final resting place at Bury St. Edmund's. The small chapel or shrine, prepared for the temporary reception of the royal corpse, is said to have been afterwards enlarged, and converted into the parish church.
The rectory, valued in K.B. at £6. 13s. 4d., and in 1831 at £280, has 28A. of glebe, and a handsome Rectory House, of white brick, built in 1838, at the cost of about £2000. The patronage is vested in trust with the Bishop of London, and the Rev. P. W. Ray, M. A., is the incumbent.
The tithes were commuted in 1842. The poor have two yearly rent charges, viz., 5s. out of 3A. at Stanford-Rivers, left by Robert Petit; and £2 out of Lee Fields, left by Richard Bourne, in 1660.
Inhabitants
- Gibson Wm. Esq., clerk of the peace, and solr. Greensted Hall (& Ongar)
- Piggott Wm. parish clerk
- Ray Rev. Philip Wm., M.A. rector
Farmers
- Firman Wm.
- Freeman John
- Kemsley Joseph
- Laver Joseph
- Loud Jas. Jeken, corn dealer
- Smith Wm.
Article · 6 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Navestock
We continue our look at the neighbouring parishes in the High Country area. This time it is Navestock.
A pleasant scattered village, from 4 to 5 miles South of Chipping Ongar, and from 5 to 7 miles North North East of Romford, is partly on the south side of the vale of the Roding, and partly on the cultivated heath, which has a hilly surface, and extends southward to the bounds of Havering. Its parish contains 887 inhabitants, and 4152 acres of land, nearly all the property of the Countess of Waldegrave, the lady or the manor, which was granted by Queen Mary, in 1553, to Sir Edward Waldegrave. whose descendant, Sir Henry, was created Baron Waldegrave, in 1626. The son of the latter was created Earl of Waldegrave, in Northamptonsbire, in 1729, and built Navestock Hall, which was a huge and handsome building, which stood in a well wooded park, and was the seat of succeeding Earls, till 1811, when it was pulled down, and the park converted into a farm. The present Earl resides at Strawberry Hill, Middlesex.
The remains of ancient fortification are apparent on Navestock Common, near a high embankment, which has a deep ditch on each side of it.
The Church dedicated to St Thomas is an ancient structure, with a wooden belfrey, containing five bells, and surmounted by a spire of the same material The north door is in the Saxon style. The nave has a south aisle, and in the chancel is a large and handsome mural monument in memory of the two first Earls of Waldegrave, with a long inscription written by her Royal Highness Duchess of Gloucester and Countess Dowager of Waldegrave, relict of the second Earl. Nearly opposite this is a beautiful monument, executed by Bacon, and erected in 1812, in memory of the Hon. Edward Waldegrave, who, after distinguishing himself as a lieutenant under Sir John Moore, in Spain, was shipwrecked of Falmouth. The monument represents a mother weeping over the canteen of her son, which has been washed ashore, and in the background is seen a boy unfurling the British standard. Here are several other memorials of the Waldegraves, and under the north side of the chancel is their family vault, where many of them are interred.
The vicarage, valued in K.B. at £13.3s.9d., and in 1831 at £461, is in the patronage of Trinity College, Cambridge, and incumbency of the Rev. James Ford, B.D., who has an old residence with neat pleasure grounds, and 13A. 30P, of glebe. The great tithes, which belong to the said College, were commuted in 1840 for £574 per annum. The vicar is a lessee, and pays a small quit-rent to the College, and a fine certain of £60.
In 1625. Job Green bequeathed for the use of the poor parishioners, the following property, viz., a house and yard at Brentwood, let for £20; a cottage at Navestock, occupied by paupers; Heathfield Meadow, 4A.3P., let for £10.19s .; Bunn's Field, 4A.25P., let for £7.8s .; Pinksty Field,2A.3R.9P.,let for £4.7s.6d .; and three pieces of meadowland, (3A.2R.18P.) let for £6.3s.3d.The yearly rents amounting to £48.17s.9d., are distributed in shoes, jackets, and fagots. Mr. D. Hicks and others are the trustees. In 1669, Lewis Betts left to the parish two yearly rent-charges out of the Red Lion Inn, at Romford, viz., £1 for the four oldest labouring men, and £2, for apprenticing a poor child. The poor parishioners have a yearly rent-charge of 20s., out of Dycott's Farm, (belonging to Sir R.D. Neave,) left by an unknown donor; and eight poor persons, not receiving alms of the parish, have the dividends of £275 three per cent. Reduced Annuities, left by Elizabeth Prince, in 1796. The vicar and churchwardens are trustees.
List of Inhabitants - 1848
- John Crouchman, baker and shopkeeper
- Rev. James Ford B.D., Rectory
- James Harris, schoolmaster and parish clerk
- William Heslop, carpenter
- James Hide, blacksmith
- Henry Knightbridge, butcher
- Lucy Lash, victualler and shopkeeper, Plough
- Richard Roach, gentleman
- Thomas Sadler, corn miller
- James Smith, victualler, Green man
- John Stearn, baker, etc
- Henry Toulmin, Esq., Dudbrook House
- James turner, shopkeeper
Farmers.
- John Bull, Hall Farm
- Cornelius Fitch
- John Dove
- Daniel Hicks
- John Mott
- John Hicks, Gold Hall
- Robert Jackson, Hawlets Hall
- Charles Pratt, Loft Hall
- Joshua Pryor
- Thomas Randell
- Charles Seal
- William Seal
- Litchfield Tabrum, Bois Hall
- Henry Tyrell
- Robert Weatherall
Article · 7 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Stapleford Abbotts
Continuing our series looking at the parishes surrounding the High Country area we arrive at Stapleford Abbotts
A pleasant and fertile parish of 2300 acres of land, rising boldly from the vale of the River Roding has many scattered farm houses and neat cottages near Passingford Bridge, How Green, Knowle's Hill, Newport Hatch, etc. The population is 498. Before the Conquest, it belonged to the Abbey of St. Edmond's Bury, and in 1010 it was one of the places where the monks rested with the body of that saint, when being carried back from London to Bury St. Edmund's.
The parish is now in three manors. Albyns, the seat and property of T.N. Abdy, Esq., M.P., gives name to a manor and estate, which extends into Navestock parish, and anciently belonged to a chantry at Wivenhoe, and afterwards to the Luter, Cely, Ffitch, and other families. The mansion is a fine old building, supposed to have been erected from a design of Inigo Jones. It was completely repaired in the last century by Sir John Abdy, Bart., and stands in a large park, overlooking the river Roding. The present owner is M.P. for Lynn Regis, and a member of the Abdy family, formerly seated at Felix Hall. John Barnes, Esq., is now lord of the manor of Stapleford Abbots Hall, which belonged to the Abbey of Bury St. Edmund's, and afterwards to the Maynard, Granville and Ffitch families. The manor of Batayles, or Batail's Hall, belongs to Lady Mildmay, and was held in the 11th and 12th centuries by the Balaile family, under the Montfichets. The Crown, the Rev. J.B. Stane, Robert Tull, Esq., and William Joseph Lockwood, Esq., have estates in the parish. The latter owns Knowle's, or Knoll's Hill estate, which adjoins his seat of Bishop's Hall, in Lambourne parish, and had formerly a stately mansion occupied by the Fortesques, but now reduced to a farm house, which commands charming prospects. In a wood are the remains of Bishop's Moat, which tradition says was paved with marble, and was one of the defences of the fortified mansion which was occupied by the warlike Bishop Spencer.
The Church (St. Mary,) is an ancient structure, consisting of a nave, chancel, south porch, and tower. A chapel on the north side of the chancel, is the burial place of the Abdy family. The rectory, valued in K.B. at £16.15s., and in 1831 at £513, is in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor, and incumbency of the Rev. C.W. Pitt, M.A., who has about 30 acres of glebe, and an old residence, partly brick and partly lath and plaster. Knoll's Hill Free School was erected in 1734, by Sir John Fortescue Kt., who endowed it with £25 a year out of Knoll's hill estate, for a schoolmaster to teach reading and writing to 20 poor boys of this parish, and 20 of Lambourne parish. The master has also the free use of a house and about an acre of land, and is allowed to take other scholars. The poor parishioners have a yearly rent charge of £3, left by Elizabeth Watson. in 1782, out of Mitchell's estate, at How Green, in this parish, now belonging to Emanuel College, Cambridge; and also the dividends of £166.13s.4d. three per cent. Consols, purchased with £105, left by the Rev. Dr. Gould, in 1799.
List of Inhabitants (1848)
- Thomas Nevill Abdy Esq., M.P., Albyns
- Thomas Aylett, victualler, Plough
- Elizabeth Dawkins, wheelwright
- Samuel Parrish, schoolmaster
- Rev. Charles Whitworth Pitt M.A., rector, and chaplain to the Duchess of Kent
- Charles Stevens, miller, Water Mill
- Amelia Williams, schoolmistress
- James Worter, shop and beerhouse keeper
Farmers.
- James Dixon
- James Surridge
- George Ffitch, Batail's Hall
- Charles Lenny
- Philip Taylor
- John McMurray
- Henry Vincy
- Edwin Mollett and Charles Mollett, Hall
- William Mott
- Richard Young
- Rebecca Roach
- James Staines
Post Office Directory 1874 - list of inhabitants
- Rev. Thomas Cochrane, M.A., Rectory
- William Clarke Gellibrand, Albyns
- William John Edward Baher, farmer
- Francis Dawkins, wheelwright
- William Dewing, miller
- James Dixon, shopkeeper
- Henry Gardner, beer retailer
- John Humphreys, farmer
- Richard Hurrell, Plough PH
- John Lash, farmer
- Mark Lenney, farmer
- Edwin Mollett, farmer, Battles Hall
- Miss Harriet Mollett, farmer
- John McMurrey, farmer
- Charles Parish, farmer
- John Salmon, farmer
- Benjamin Shepherd, farmer
- Mrs. Sarah Staines, farmer
- Charles Stevens, miller and farmer
- James Surridge, farmer, Boylands Oak
- Philip Taylor, farmer
- John Willey, beer retailer
- Charles Wood, farmer, Martin's Herne
- Charles Wood, jun., farmer, Bourne Bridge
- Richard Stokes Young, farmer.
Article · 8 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Lambourne
Our journey takes us to Lambourne.
LAMBOURNE parish comprises several scattered houses near the church, but the chief part of its population is a mile to the west, in the improving village of ABRIDGE, on the south side of the river Roding, 4 miles South by East of Epping, and on the London and Ongar road, 13 miles North East of the former, and 7 miles South West by South of the latter town. The parish contains 2415 acres of fertile land, and increased its population from 515 souls in 1801, to 904 in 1841; - many good houses, etc., having been built, during the last thirty years, at Abridge, which has its name from the bridge over the Roding, and has a modern chapel of ease, an Independent chapel, a brewery, and a fair for cattle, etc., on the 2nd of June. In 1050, the manor of Lambourne belonged to Leffi, a Saxon, but at the Conquest it was given to Eustace, Earl of Boulogne. It was afterwards held by the Lambourne, Lampet, Hatfield, Barfoot, Aland, and Fortescue families. In 1782, it was purchased of the latter by the Rev. Edward Lockwood, and it now belongs to Wm. Joseph Lockwood, Esq., who has a pleasant seat here, called Bishop’s Hall, but part of the parish belongs to Sir Charles C. Smith, Bart., Mr. Samuel Crane, Mr. John Jones, and a few smaller freeholders. Lambourne Hall is an old farm house, which has been a large mansion, and near it was a handsome house, built by the first Lord Fortescue, but it was pulled down many years ago. A small manor or estate, called Shepes Hall, was long held by the Bishops or Norwich, among whom, the earliest who occasionally resided here, was the warlike Bishop Spencer, who held the estate of Richard II. in capite, as of the manor of Havering, by the service of making sixty perches of the royal park-pale with his own timber.
This martial ecclesiastic bred to arms in Italy, in the service of Pope Adrian (Nicholas Breakspear,) in his wars against the Duke of Milan, obtained from his holiness the bishopric of Norwich, as a reward for his services, in 1370. During Wat Tyler's rebellion, in 1381, Bishop Spencer put himself at the head of a small body of loyal subjects, and attacking the rebels, by dint of valour, aided by stratagem, made a terrible slaughter, "beheading some, killing others, and capturing their leader, Littster, a dyer of Norwich, whom sent to London, and who was there condemned and executed." The Bishops of Norwich held this estate till 1536, when it was given by Henry VIII. to Lord Chancellor Audley. It was afterwards the seat and property of the Walkers, Waylets, and Balls. In 1826, it was sold by E.H. Ball, Esq., to the Rev. Edward Dowdeswell, who gave it to Miss Lockwood Percival. It now belongs to W.J. Lockwood, Esq., of Bishop's Hall, which stands on the crown of a bold eminence, commanding fine views of Epping and Hainault Forests, and the surrounding country, as far as the Thames and Kentish Hills. The site of the ancient castellated mansion, which was occasionally occupied by the bishops, is surrounded by a moat, enclosing an area 200 yards square. Patch Park, or Hunts, now a farm in the parish, belongs to Sir C.C. Smith, and was formerly held by the Vere, Luther and other families. Arneway, or Arnolds, a farm now held by Mr. Samuel Crane, was formerly held by the Fitzwilliam, Carpenter, Draper and Scott families. The house is a large old timber building, 1½ mile North East of the church. Dews Hall, a little south of the church, gives name to a manor now belonging to W.J. Lockwood, Esq., and formerly to the Dukes of Buckingham, and the Sulyard family. The other estates, or reputed manors, in the Lambourne parish are, Lambourne-Abridge, or St.John's (now a small farm,) Affebruge, or Abridge, formerly held by a family of its own name; Priors, which belonged to some
The Parish Church (St. Mary and All Saints,) is a neat ancient structure, with a nave and chancel of one pace and tiled, and at the west end is a wooden tower, containing three bells, and crowned by a leaded spire. In the interior are many handsome monuments, one of which has a long inscription in memory of Dr. Wynnyffe, bishop of Lincoln. In the chancel are three beautiful stained glass windows, one containing five pieces of valuable old painting brought from Basle, in Switzerland, in 1817. Under a square tomb in the churchyard, are deposited the remains of Admiral Sir Edward Hughes, who served in the Navy more than half a century, and died at Luxborough House, in Chigwell, in 1794, aged 77 years. The church was appropriated about 1200, by Robert de Lambourne. to the canons of Waltham Holy Cross. The rectory, valued in K.B. at £14, and in 1831 at £500, is in the patronage of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and incumbency of the Rev. James Goodwin, B.D., who has 35A.1R. of glebe, and a good residence, with tasteful pleasure grounds. The tithes were commuted, in 1840, for £610 per annum. In the village of Abridge, is a neat Chapel of Ease, built by subscription, in 1836, at the cost of about £52O; and another place of worship built by Wes1eyans in 1833, but now belonging to Independents. Here is a National School, built about seven years ago; and the parish sends, three children to the Free Grammar School at Chigwell, and 20 to the Charity School at Stapleford Abbots, The poor parishioners have a yearly rent charge of lOs. out of Priors farm, left by one Broomfield. The churchwardens hold a house and 4A. of land, and the former is occupied by paupers, and the latter let for £14, which is appled to the service of the church, as also is a yearly rent-charge of 6s.8d., left by one Barfoot, out of Sym's croft; and the rent of 2A., in Thoydon parish, now let for £5.
List of Inhabitants 1848:
John Morgan Adlam, tailor
Francis Brown, tailor and grocer
John Brown, schoolmaster
Richard Bryand, shoemaker
James Cavill, wheelwright
Thomas Champness, auctioneer, surveyor, and estate agent
William Clark, victualler, Blue Boar
Stephen Clements, pork butcher
Charles Davenport, surgeon
James Eastwood, maltster
Rev. James Goodwin B.D., Rectory
William Hanchett, carrier
Charles Higgs, carpenter and grocer
Richard Jeffrey, baker and corn dealer
John Jones, carpenter and builder
William Joseph Lockwood Esq., Bishop's Hall
John Mead, draper, grocer, and insurance agent
Edwin Morgan, ale and porter brewer
Jeremiah Noble, smith and farrier
Isaac Rayner, tailor
John Skikelthorpe, plumber and glazier
William Styles, brickmaker
William Wilson, saddler, etc.
Farmers.
James Clark, St. John's Farm
Richard Clark, Great Dews
Samuel Crane, Arnolds
Edward Elliott, Patch Farm
William Charles Lewis
John Andrews
Philip Taylor
Catherine Taylor
Richard Wilson
Article · 9 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Bobbingworth
Our journey around the High Country takes us to Bobbingworth.
A pleasant retired village, surrounding a green, 5 miles North East by East of Epping, and 2 miles North by West of Chipping Ongar, has in its parish 357 inhabitants, and 1628 acres of fertile land, rising in bold undulations on the west side of the Cripsey brook, which flows southward to the Roding. It is vulgarly called Bonvinger, and in Domesday Survey, Bubbingeorda. It is in two manors, called Bobbingworth Hall and Blake Hall, the former of which has belonged to the Spigurnell, Hackney, Asheles, Vere, and other families, and was purchased by the Houblons, but now belongs, with the other manor, to Capel Cure, Esq, of Blake Hall, a neat mansion, with tasteful pleasure. An estate named Bobbingford, otherwise Monks, extends into this and adjacent parishes. Blake Hall was anciently held of the Honour of Clare, by the Hastings, and afterwards of the Honour of Marescall, by the Londres and other families. In 1516, it was held by Sir William Capel, as parcel of the Queen's Honour of Clare, and it afterwards passed to the Glasscock, Bourne, Haddock, and Fitche families. The parish is mostly freehold, and the copyhold fines are at the will of the lord.
The church dedicated to St. Germain, is a low plain structure, consisting of a brick nave and chancel, with a heavy embattled tower, chiefly or wood, and containing five bells. The east window is a good specimen of the decorated style. Within the communion rails are several inscriptions in brass, in memory of various members of the Bourne family, who flourished here in the 16th and 17th centuries. The rectory, valued in K.B. at £13.6s.8d., and in 1831 at £395, is in the patronage of C. Cure, Esq., and incumbency of the Rev. W.M. Oliver, M.A., who has 32 acres of glebe, and a handsome residence, built in 1840, at the cost of about £2000.
To provide clothing for the aged poor of the parish, Robert Bourne, in 1663, left a cottage and 4A. of land, now let for £10.lOs. per annum. The Bell Acre forms part of the g1ebe, and in consideration of it the rector finds bell ropes, and hassocks for the church.
List of Inhabitants:
Edwin Bennet, corn miller
Capel Cure Esq., Blake Hall
Edward Houchen, baker and carpenter
Jonathan Lewis, land surveyor, auctioneer, and insurance agent
Rev. William Oliver M.A., Rectory
Sarah Wilkinson, schoolmistress
Farmers.
Thomas Clements
George Gingell
Jonathan Lewis
Benjamin King
John Milbank, Hall
George Pavett
James Thurgood
Article · 10 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Theydon Garnon
THOYDON-GARNON, or THEYDON GERNON
THOYDON-GARNON, or THEYDON GERNON, is a pleasant straggling village, from 1 to 2 miles South, South East of Epping, but its parish extends close to that town, and has several handsome seats and scattered farm houses, near Steward's Green, Coopersale, and the north-eastern borders of Epping Forest. The parish had 1072 inhabitants in 1841, including 140 in Epping Union Workhouse. It contains 3160 acres of land, and has a fertile soil, richly cultivated, and embellished with ornamental plantations, contrasting beautifully with the old woods of the forest.
It was held by Ulmar, in the the reign of Edward the Confessoor, and by Eudo Dapifer, at the Domesday Survey. It was afterwards held by the Theydon, Gernon, Fitzwilliam, and other families. William C. Marsh. Esq., (high sheriff of Essex, in 1847,) is lord of the manors and estates, called Gayns Park and Hamnales, and has a handsome seat, called PARK HALL encompassed by fine woodland scenery. T.N. Abdy, Esq., is lord of the manor of Theydon Garnon, or Garnish Hall, now a farm house; and Mrs. Houblon is owner of Coopersale estate, on the north side of the parish, near Epping, and resides at Coopersale House, a large and elegant mansion, which stands on elevated ground, surrounded by lawns and ornamental plantations, and was long the seat of the Archer family, which originated from Simon de Bois, who was at the battle of Agincourt, and was so skilful in archery, that the King ordered his name to be changed to Archer. Mrs. and Richard Archer Houblon are the present representatives of this ancient family. Sir P.B.H. Soame, Bart., has an occasional residence here; and the Hon. A.F. Capel resides at Thoydon House; and J.C. Whiteman, at The Grove.
The CHURCH (All Saints,) stands on an eminence, and consists of a nave, north aisle, and chancel, with a strong square tower, containing five bells. The interior is neatly fitted up, and has many mural monuments. The rectory, valued in K.B. at £17, and in 1831 at £700, is in the patronage of T.N. Abdy, Esq., and incumbency of the Rev. C.H. Foster, B.A., who has a good residence and about 70A. of glebe. The tithes were commuted in 1838, for £650 per annum.
List of inhabitants:
- Alfred Alfred, gentleman
- John Burden, shopkeeper and smith
- Hon. A.F. Capel, Thoydon House
- Edward Champness, master of Epping Union Workhouse
- Mary Crabb, shopkeeper
- Rev. Cavendish Foster B.A., rector
- Thomas Gould, beer seller
- Susan Hampton, victualler, Merry Fiddlers
- Richard Archer Houblon, Esq., & Ann Houblon, Coopersale House
- Alice Jeffrey, matron, Workhouse
- Edmund Law, grocer
- William Coxhead Marsh, Esq., Park Hall
- Isaac Pain, beerseller
- George Palmer, schoolmaster
- Peter Savill, schoolmaster and parish clerk
- Sir P. Buckworth Soame, Bart.
- John Styles, brickmaker
- J.C. Whiteman, Esq., The Grove
- Samuel Wood, gardener
- John Flower
- Philip Law
- Mary Mills
- Thomas Mills
- John Mumford
- John Pavitt
- Martha Pegrum
- William Smith
- William Wedderell
Article · 11 of 11
White’s Directory of Essex 1848 – Greensted (Short)
GREENSTED is a small scattered village and parish, about one mile W. of Chipping Ongar, from which it is commonly called Greensted near Ongar, to distinguish it from Greensted near Colchester. It has only 159 inhabitants, and 674 acres of land, rising boldly from a tributary stream of the river Roding.
At the Domesday survey it belongs to Hamo Dapifer, and it afterwards passed to the Lucy, Robetier, and other families. The Rev. P Budworth is now lord of the manor, but part of the soil belongs to Mr. Wm. Smith, Mrs. Rayner, and a few smaller owners.
The Hall, a large handsome mansion, is now the seat of Wm. Gibson, Esq., and tasteful pleasure grounds, commanding beautiful prospects.
The Church (St. Andrew,) is supposed to be one of the oldest in England, though the nave is constructed of half trucks of oaks, about a foot and a half in diameter, split and roughly hewn at each end, to let them into a sill at the bottom and into a plank at the top, where they are fastened with wooden pegs. This primitive part of the fabric is about to be thoroughly repaired, and is 29ft. 9 in. long, 14ft. wide, and 5½ft. high, on the sides, which support the original roof. At the west end is a boarded tower, but the chancel is now of brick. Both sides are strengthened by brick buttresses, and on the south is a wooden porch. The roof is of later date, and tiled, but rises to a point in the centre, as originally formed. The chancel has a blunt pointed doorway, with mouldings curiously worked in the bricks. Traditions says that the body of St. Edmund rested here in 1011, when being conveyed to its final resting place at Bury St. Edmund’s. The small chapel or shrine, prepared for the temporary reception of the royal corpse, is said to have been afterwards enlarged, and converted into the parish church.
The rectory, valued in K.B. at £6. 13s. 4d., and in 1831 at £280, has 28A. of glebe, and a handsome Rectory House, of white brick, built in 1838, at the cost of about £2000. The patronage is vested in trust with the Bishop of London, and the Rev. P. W. Ray, M. A., is the incumbent.
The tithes were commuted in 1842. The poor have two yearly rent charges, viz., 5s. out of 3A. at Stanford-Rivers, left by Robert Petit; and £2 out of Lee Fields, left by Richard Bourne, in 1660.