High Country History Group

The coronavirus pandemic and the necessary restrictions imposed present a challenge to our daily lives at this time and, for the vast majority, we feel that we are all in it together. As the lockdown of spring 2020 is eased there are new procedures for going to shops, pubs, and churches. Social distancing – staying at least two metres apart - from those who do not live is your household is expected. The wearing of face coverings is now compulsory is any enclosed public space. Who would have imagined that a law-abiding citizen would be expected to wear a mask to enter a Bank!

The High Country History Group is unable to meet as usual at the Village Hall but have resorted instead to monthly 40-minute meetings on Zoom which, although smaller in number, have been much appreciated by those who have attended from home.

At the June meeting, in ‘The Butcher, the Baker, and the Candlestick maker’ Martyn talked about the war graves on the First World War.

In July Andrew hosted an ‘Essex Quiz’ (see below).

We wish you and all those you care for health and safety during these unusual times, and remain determined to keep in contact.

If you would like to take the Essex Quiz please click here

Close to the path leading to Tawney church porch is a prominent brick and stone chest tomb. Until recently, it was smothered by a decades-worth thatch of ivy.

In a happy consequence of the Coronavirus lockdown, a friendly neighbour in need of fresh air and exercise took a handsaw to the ivy and revealed the whole tomb.

The inscription on the top and side of the tomb is quite worn and entirely in Latin.

Translated into English, it reads:

Here lie the remains of
EDWARD TURNOUR
S.T.B.
For [24] years unworthy Rector of this parish church
This is written by order of the deceased
He died on 3rd July in the year of our
Lord 1691
at the age of 52
The aforesaid Edward Turnour took as his wife
Ann, daughter of Richard L - - - -
of the county of Wiltshire Esquire,
by whom he produced children
Anne, Edward and Elizabeth

Originally the inscription finished at this point. Later, more was added to commemorate Elizabeth’s family (although they are actually buried elsewhere):

She [ie Edward’s daughter Elizabeth] married in the year (…) Thomas Le[w]is
of Soberton in the county of Hampshire Esquire
whose only daughter Elizabeth married in the year 1730
the most distinguished Lord Other, Earl of Plymouth
who left one son, the most honourable
Lord Other Lewis Earl of Plymouth

Set into the north side of the tomb is a stone plaque with a Latin inscription, in memory of the Rector’s eldest daughter Anne, who had died years before her father as a 9-year-old child. This may be her original gravestone, reset on her father’s tomb, or the opportunity was taken to commemorate her when it was built in 1691.

Anne Turnour
Daughter of Ed[ward] Turnour
Rector of this church
Is buried here
A:D
1680

The solid construction of the tomb means that it has lasted longer than any other memorial in the churchyard. On the other side of the path is a ledger stone tomb, belonging to a later long-serving Tawney Rector, Lewis Prance. The two clergymen appear to stand guard over the approach to the church, silently observing those who come and go today. The convenient flat top of Turnour’s tomb has at times been used as a display table at Flower Festivals, a book rest at churchyard services and occasionally a seat for the weary. So in a way Edward Turnour is still serving his parish more than 300 years after his death.

The old postcard of an “unnamed village” featured in the June 2020 issue of High Country History journal (p 37) is indeed Hatfield Broad Oak as suggested. The first clue is the brick building on the far left, with the hanging sign of a cockerel. On the opposite side of the street is a house with distinctive X-bracing on the front. And of course, there is the village pump. Anyone who knows Hatfield Broad Oak will recognise this as a view looking east along the High Street.

Today (July 2020) the Cock public house has just re-opened after lockdown. The pump is still in position, though not functioning, the lamp has been replaced by a flagpole, and the renewed finger-post is closer to the brick house on the right. Amazingly, all but one of the buildings depicted are still there, barely altered, at least on the outside. The people of the village in 1900 would still recognise this view today.

Looking more closely at the old photo, it must have been posed. Cameras needed quite long exposures at this time, and everyone would have had to keep still for several seconds to achieve clarity. Animals and children were notoriously difficult, so old photographs often show blurring of babies’ arms or dogs’ tails. The photographer may have composed the group of village boys in the foreground and asked the two people with bicycles to stand still. Other village people are watching, but much further away. Only the horse nearer the camera has caused blurring by swishing his fashionably docked tail.

The little girl with the bicycle is intriguing. She is not in everyday dress, with a white smock or pinafore over her clothes, like the girls in the far background. She seems to be in her Sunday best, with a lace collar and a brimmed hat decorated with a large flower. Her dress is longer and less full than expected for a child, so she looks like a miniature adult, apart from her loose hair. She must be from a wealthy family, especially as she has a child-sized bicycle. In 1897 a girl’s cycle was advertised in the newspapers for £10 – equivalent to about £1,000 today. The child in the advertisement is wearing the usual dress at this time for a girl.

But the main feature of this photograph, which sets it apart from the many other village street scenes of the era, is the presence of the two military gentlemen on horseback. Their slouch hats, with the left side of the brim pinned up, are characteristic of the Australian army and still used by them today. However, they were also worn by some British soldiers, often riflemen. The details of their uniforms are not clear enough to identify which regiment they come from, but the one nearest the camera carries a long stick, the mark of an officer. Behind his saddle flap is a light-coloured pouch. Its shape is a clue to its purpose. It contains spare horseshoes – one front and one back – and a set of nails. (Remember “For want of a nail the shoe was lost…”?)

What are these two smart military men doing in a sleepy country village? The date of 1900-ish is significant. Until 1899, slouch hats had the right brim pinned up, not the left, so this must be after that date. The Boer War broke out in the south of Africa in 1899 and lasted three years. At that time Britain had a well-trained but small regular army, and it soon became obvious as fighting proceeded that they urgently needed to recruit more men. There was no conscription, but recruiting officers would go round the country persuading young men to volunteer. The officers in the picture may well have been targeting the older brothers of the village boys around the pump. The agricultural depression in a corn-growing area like Hatfield Broad Oak meant that unemployment was high and wages were low. The offer of three meals a day and a chance of adventure would have appealed to many young men. But nationally, 30% to 40% of the volunteers failed the medical, mainly due to poor nutrition and lung disease. As anyone who has seen War Horse will know, the army also recruited farm horses for wars.

The Boer War was brutal on both sides. Twenty-two thousand soldiers from Britain and the Empire died, mostly of disease. 6,000 of them were killed in combat, and more died later of their wounds. Great cruelty was shown by the British to the civilian Afrikaner population, many of whom were deliberately starved in concentration camps. About 300,000 horses died: their average life expectancy in South Africa was just 6 weeks. 75,000 men were sent home sick or wounded. One of these was Major Harry Broke of Hatfield Heath, whose parents were so thankful for his survival that they donated the painted wooden reredos which is still in Hatfield Heath church. There are not many parish memorials to those who fought or died in the Boer War, only a few in large towns. The men of the Essex Regiment who lost their lives are all commemorated on an obelisk now in Bell Meadow Park, Chelmsford. In that class-conscious age, officers’ names are separate from and above those of other ranks.

Returning to the old photograph – it must have been a memorable day for the village. A travelling photographer appeared, with his cumbersome tripod and camera and mysterious blackout hood, and on the same day two dashing mounted recruiting officers turned up in time to be in his photograph. Occasionally major international events – wars or pandemics – sweep across a country, affecting even quiet rural villages like Hatfield Broad Oak. This photograph shows just such a moment in history, frozen in time.

At the start of World War One VAD Hospitals sprung up throughout Essex to provide support for the Territorial Army training and for injuries to troops following fighting in Belgium and France.

Theydon Towers, Theydon Road, Theydon Bois, a large yellow brick 19th century mansion house was lent to the War Office by the Soper brothers for use as an auxiliary hospital.

The Hospital was opened in November 1914 with 36 beds. It was equipped with an operating theatre and an X-ray apparatus, and was staffed by the Essex/58 Voluntary Aid Detachment. The initial patients were wounded and sick Belgian soldiers. By December 1914 it had 40 beds, all of which were occupied. After one year some 256 patients from the Belgian Army and the British Expeditionary Force had been treated.

In 1917 the Hospital had 45 beds and was affiliated to Colchester Military Hospital.

After WW1 the South West Ham Committee (a branch of the West Ham Relief Committee, later renamed the West Ham Committee of the Charity Organisation Society) presented Theydon Towers to Queen Mary's Hospital for the East End for use as a children's convalescent home.

The Home, with 30 beds, was officially opened by Princess Mary in 1921 and the South West Ham Committee agreed to maintain the property.

An adjacent cottage was redecorated and furnished by Mrs C.E. Leo Lyle (later Lady Lyle), the wife of the Chairman of Queen Mary's Hospital. It became a Home of Rest for the nurses of the Hospital who needed a few days' break.

In 1924 the South West Ham Committee was disbanded and the cost of the upkeep of Theydon Towers became the responsibility of the Hospital.

The Convalescent Home closed in 1927 because of the difficulty in finding the money for its upkeep; there were also insufficient children in need of convalescence.

Later the house was sold and the proceeds invested as a fund for meeting the cost of children's convalescence.

Miss Blanche Emily Buxton, who resided at Birch Hall, Theydon Bois between 1914 to 1919 was the Lady Superintendent and assistant Commandant at Theydon Towers. She was made an Associate of the Royal Red Cross in October 1917 for her services.

The unveiling of the Ongar War Shrine' took place on Sunday. On it is inscribed nearly 250 names of men now serving, discharged, and dead from the Ongar district. The roll of honour was admirably inscribed Miss Hadler, of Marden Ash. Mrs. Charles Rose carried out the secretarial duties connection with the shrine. The proceedings were attended by members of the local detachment of the Essex Volunteer Regt., under Sergt. 0. H. Foster; also the Epping Platoon, under Lieut. Baddeley: Waltham Abbey, under Lieut. Trounce; and Harlow, under Lieut. F. Jones; Grammar School Cadet Corps, under Capt. Wildman.

23 Special Constables, under Sergt. Merchant; 24 Boy Scouts, under Assistant- Scoutmaster F. H. Smith. These, with some wounded soldiers, lined up in "the Market Place, where the Shrine has been fixed. The band of the Hackney Homes, under Mr. Dean, formed up in the square, and Col. C. H. F. Christie was in command of the whole parade. The unveiling ceremony was performed Capt. Howel J. J. Price D.L.

An impressive service was conducted by the Rev. E. E. Barber, the hymn "0 God, our help in ages past”, being accompanied by the band. The Rev. G. F. White, Congregational minister, took part in the service. Having unveiled the shrine, Capt. Howel J. J. Price referred in sympathetic terms those who had given their lives for their country. The Rector, the Rev. E. E. Barber, dedicated the shrine, which was handed over to the care of Sergt. C. H. Foster, as chairman of the Parish Council. Mr. Christie gave a short address.

Within hours of the armistice another assault was recorded against a special constable. Thomas A. Hummerstone a special at Epping observed Cecil George Pearce, a labourer from Theydon Garnon carrying a flag and pole which he recognised belonging to a local foundry business, Cottis Ltd. When he went to speak with Pearce, he was struck over the head with the flagpole. As Pearce went to make a second strike Hummerstone defended himself by drawing his truncheon and Pearce made off. Hummerstone reported the assault to Sergeant Denny who at midnight went with Police Constable Gardener to arrest Pearce at his home. When Cecil Pearce opened his door, he was told he was going to be arrested for assaulting Special Constable Hummerstone. Pearce hurried back inside his property but left his door open. As the sergeant followed and tried to grab him, he was suddenly assaulted by being hit on the head with a heavy object. The blow was delivered by William Pearce another occupant of the house. On receiving the blow, the sergeant turned and saw William holding some form of Indian club. Diverting his attention to William he was struck again but this time from Cecil Pearce who had armed himself with another weapon. Using his whistle to summon help he again tried to tackle Cecil and this time put him to the floor and started to handcuff him. While doing this he was again struck by William on the face and nose causing blood to pour down his face from injuries. Constable Gardener had now taken hold of William and was wrestling him. Cecil was at the same time calling out for his mother who when she arrived from another part of the house started attacking Constable Gardener giving William the chance to get away.

The constable went after William who did not go far having armed himself again with a club. Grabbing him the constable forced him against a wall. Meanwhile Mrs Pearce, who had been joined by her daughter, grabbed hold of Sergeant Denny who told them not to interfere or they would get hurt. They would not leave so he had to push them away and drew his truncheon. Cecil Pearce was still playing up and had to be struck across the back. The sergeant covered things while Constable Gardener handcuffed William. Even Mrs Pearce picked up a club but was soon disarmed by Sergeant Denny.

The two men were then taken to the police station where they were charged and detained. When Sergeant Denny was seen by a doctor, he fell unconscious. The doctor gave evidence later that day to say the sergeant had been bleeding from several wounds, his nose was broken, he had several large and small bruises on the head, and he was dazed and in great pain. Constable Gardener suffered two large bruises on his head and bruises to his hand and body.

Cecil Pearce was charged with assault on Special Constable Hummerstone and William Pearce and with doing grievous bodily harm to Police Constable Gardener. Both men were charged with grievous bodily harm to Sergeant Denny. Other charges included theft of the flagpole, which is what started the chain of events and damage to the police station cells. For the assault on Special Constable Hummerstone, Cecil was fined forty shillings. The theft of the flagpole was dismissed and for damage to the cells both men were ordered to pay compensation of two pounds. For the charges of grievous bodily harm both men were sent for trial at the Essex assize. It was noted by the defence that Cecil Pearce had been wounded three times while serving in the Army and William suffered from shell shock. In delivering the sentences the bench made no comment as to character or past military service and if this had any bearing on the case.

When the trial took place at the end of January the defence suggested the police had been heavy handed by attending the house on the night in question and that the matter could have been dealt with by way of issuing a summons. Had they done so no assault would have occurred. The judge felt the actions of the police occurred soon enough after the initial incident as to come within the term hot pursuit. Despite this he did feel it would have been better for them to have left the matter until morning and although it could not excuse the assault, which was a serious matter, it might affect the sentencing.

Both Pearce brothers were sentenced to three months imprisonment without hard labour.

Chelmsford Chronicle, 22 November 1918.
Chelmsford Chronicle, 7 February 1919.

Or in this case a postcard. Below is a postcard showing the post office in The Street, High Ongar. Taken in around 1910 it portrays a blissful scene. The post office is now a private house, but many of the buildings still remain.

The postcard is in my collection.

But turn the postcard over and often you find interesting facts in the message sent to a loved one. This one was sent by a son to his mother who lived in Nottingham and is dated 9th February 1915. The son Arthur Gurner is a soldier serving in the 2nd 7th Battalion Sherwood Foresters, who it would seem were stationed in the area at this time.

The message reads,

Dear Mother,
We have arrived here alright and it is a rum show no lights at night for fear of Zeppelins. We are only 22 miles from London and about 50(?) from the coast. I hope you are getting alright as we are having it a bit rough now but we shall get through. I will drop you a letter when I have a bit more time.
Arthur.

The 2/7th (Robin Hood) Battalion Territorial Force

The 2/7th were formed at Nottingham in 1914 as part of the Notts & Derby Brigade of the North Midland Division and then moved to Harpenden (Herts) and then Braintree in Essex.

On the 25th February 1915 they were mobilised for war and landed in France. The Robin Hoods formed three battalions during the First World War (1/7th, 2/7th and 3/7th Battalions). More than 4000 officers and men served with honour on the Western Front from 1915 to 1919, and in Dublin during the Irish Rebellion of 1916; over 1000 men died in service.

I wonder whether he survived the war and returned home?

On the 11 January 1811, an advertisement appeared in the Chelmsford Chronicle:

“EDUCATION: CHIPPING ONGAR, ESSEX. R. STOKES respectively acquaints his Friends and the Public, that his Academy for the Board and Education of twenty young Gentlemen, will open on Monday, 21st instant. Terms, Twenty Guineas per Annum.”

Among the pupils in 1846-47 were Nathaniel and Walter Barlow, sons of Dr. Nathaniel Barlow of Blackmore. In September 1847 Walter wrote to an elder brother Alfred,

“Tomorrow and the following day we are going to have two lectures on Electricity and Galvanism by Mr Thornthwaite, a lecturer from London. We have 41 young gentlemen, 3 of which are day boarders and I weekly boarder…”

In 1878 William Clark was the headmaster, There were 130 boarders. In 1899 the headmaster was Oswald Clark, M.A. At the 1911 census there were 164 children at the school. In the following year the principals were O.W. Clark, M.A., and Benjamin Brucesmith, LL.D. In 1926 the principal was Percival H. Bingley. By 1937 P.H. Bingley and Thomas A. Owen were joint principals.

Ongar Grammar School closed in 1940. In 1936 Essex County Council opened a secondary school in Fyfield Road.

There is an excellent history of the school in the ‘Aspects of the History of Ongar’, published in 1999.

Mary was the daughter of Sir William Bowyer Smyth (11th Baronet) and Eliza Fechnie Malcolm, his second wife. They were to have 14 children, 12 before they were married on the 2nd September 1890 in London. Sir William was 28 years old than Eliza. She referred to her father as ‘Papa’ and her mother as ‘Mama’.

The diary was written in 1944 by Mary, who was also known as ‘Dida’. She talks about her early life and the houses that the family lived in Morlaix, France, Cheltenham and Hill Hall.

It is the time the family spent at Hill Hall I will quote from the diary.

Then the time came when Papa was able to go and live in the ancestral home, as the tenant, a Mr. Payne, did not wish to renew the lease. So the house in Cheltenham, "Atholl" the Park, was given up and the whole family transferred to our beautiful true home, "Hill Hall" near Epping, which opened its arms to receive us as if rejoicing that we had come at last! How happy papa must have been to return to his own home, having had to let it for financial reasons after his mother died. How beautiful it was, and the dear old furniture, and all our ancestors looking down at us from the walls in every room, beginning with Sir Thomas Smith, and others all down the centuries, looking as friendly as if they were so pleased to have us there and not strangers. In some of them we saw the likeness to ourselves. One was called "Jessie" and one "Toodie" and another "Me"- quite distinct features handed down. What happy days we spent there, the house, gardens and park, just a paradise for a large family, which is seen in the album from "Country Life" and other photographs.

The dear little church stands in the park with its famous monuments of departed ancestors. The family pew was a large square space with cushioned seats all round, entered by a door and divided from the rest of the congregation by a wooden partition which we could see over only by standing up! Mr Prance was our clergyman – lived at Stapleford Tawney where he had another church about a mile away across the fields. We were in the parish of Theydon Mount, a village about one mile away.

There were two entrance gates and lodges. The East gate was the principal one and led straight up to the front door between a lovely avenue of old elms and banks of rhododendrons and sometimes gorse. The drive branched off to the left leading to the West lodge which stood near a small lake with an island in the centre; a favoured spot for moorhens. A boat was kept there with which we amused ourselves, and one day Willie (William) was baling the water out of it when he asked Toodie (Eliza) to take care of his signet ring which Mama had given him. It was too big for Toodie but she put it on her finger and it soon slipped off into the water and was never seen again. We were very distressed about it and did all we could to find it, but when we told Papa, he said, "oh well, it has come home"!

There were days, too, when we were allowed to go fishing in a small river nearby, but only if the gamekeeper could be free to come with us, in case any of us fell in. So off we went with rods and jar full of worms, and caught eels and a few roach, On one occasion, in my excitement to land my fish I gave such a strong heave that the line caught onto a bough of a tree. How we laughed to see the eel wriggling up in the air. The gamekeeper came in useful here! Papa was very fond of eels, which we carried home in a pail, and stood it in an outside shed. Once, to our surprise, we found next morning all the eels had disappeared, and we were told they had got out and gone back to the river!! I Wonder?!

As there was plenty of room for archery, we were given bows and arrows and two lovely targets: red, white, blue, black, and a grand gold centre. To begin with Papa gave us a shilling when we hit the gold, but as we were so good at it, he said it was too expensive. But he was very pleased we were so good at it, for when he was a young man, he was Champion Archer of England and won the President's prize at the Toxophilite meetings four years running. I have one of the gold medals.

Tennis then came into fashion, so a net was bought and racquets for the e1der ones. We were never allowed to call the game anything but Lawn Tennis as papa had in his younger days played the real tennis. Then we all had stilts made for us by the estate carpenter, and we only felt we were proficient on them when we could go up and down the steps leading from the terrace onto the lawn. At each end of the terrace were two grand magnolia trees which the artist Sargent painted a picture in oils when the Hunters were in possession!!

In the winter, if a severe one, we skated on the various ponds about the grounds. At all times, wandering in the woods in the park, there was always something of interest to be met with: wild flowers, birds, squirrels, rabbits and game. How many times we were made to jump, when a hen pheasant suddenly swooped of her nest, uttering a loud scream of fright. One day a squirrel jumping from branch to branch lost its hold and came spinning down to the ground. We ran forward to pick it up, but before we could get to it, it went up the tree again as fast as it could, and we delighted that it was not injured! We often found bats stretched out flat against the boles of the oaks and elms, and one day two leverets were found alone in their grass bed. We thought perhaps their mother had deserted them, so they were taken to the stables, put in the hay manager and fed with milk through the babies bottles, a little silk ribbon of blue on one and pink on the other, we could tell which one had been fed!

Some days we would wander down to the estate carpenter and he good-naturedly would let us try using his tools. We loved to see him use his lathe and make curls which were promptly stuck behind our ears. Other days would go and watch the smithy shoeing the horses and see the sparks flying about, and felt sorry for the poor horse to undergo such a performance. But they did not seem to mind, and the music of the hammer on the anvil reminded us of the "Village Blacksmith" Jessie used to play.

The brickyard was not far away, and a delight to watch the men making bricks by hand from the clay a pony had mixed by turning a machine round and round it. How bored it must have been! What fun it was to be given a lump of clay to do what we liked with it. The men helped us to make little models of a cottage and they were really quite good. After they were baked, they were presented to Mama, who cherished them for years.

A visit to the gamekeeper was always exciting. The two lovely red setters were always kept there, "Don" and "Checker", as our parents
Would not allow a dog or cat inside the house! The keeper’s house stood on a mound just on the edge of a wood. There was a beautiful view from it, looking upon miles of lovely fields and woods, and not a building in sight. The keeper raised pheasants under a hen; he fed the young ones with handfuls of ants' eggs. We thought it so brave of him dipping his hand into a pail full of ants' nests. We didn't 1ike seeing the poor little dead moles stuck on the bushes all round the place, also stoats which of course are vermin.

To get to the kitchen garden, we branched off from the drive down a
pathway of shrubs and lovely old elm trees until we got to a high red brick wall, and, opening a heavy oak door, walked into our lovely garden. I think it was some acres, divided by paths, and in the centre was a round pond, surrounded by an iron paling up which grew the red japonica. The south wall was devoted to the peach and nectarine houses, and two more leading out of them devoted to flowers only. Mama was devoted to flowers, so the old hall had to be kept supplied. The pot plants stood in a large white marble font in one of the windows, and in another was a dark oak stand with a lead lining. It was my delight to arrange the vases standing about. It must have annoyed the gardener to see his pet flowers gathered for that purpose, but Mama never said anything but, "Oh! How lovely!" when she came into the hall.

But back to our garden. Did any children ever enjoy one as much! Three sides of the high wall were well trained fruit trees with a border of violets at their roots, then each square of the garden were borders apple, pear and plum trees, the vegetables in the centres. A long perennial flower border faced the glass houses, and from seats along the path one could enjoy the view. Mama often sat there doing her cross-stitch fancy work, One square was full of currant and gooseberry bushes, and as they were ripening we each we each "bagged"one, and it says much for our sense of honour that no one poached on each other's preserves!! There was another big door leading out into the north aspect where the raspberries and Morella cherries qrew, and then further on through another door were the marrows and cucumbers grown. Best of all, here were the vineries, one house all the perfect Muscats and the other large blue grapes. The gardener, West by name, was allowed to cut us bunches as we passed by!! He was a splendid man and did all the work except the digging and rough things, which was done by the two woodman, when they weren’t felling and sawing up the trees for burning in the Hall. Sometimes the gas lent a hand at weeding the paths. He made the gas in a building out of sight behind the stables where we were never allowed to go, it being such a dirty, smelly spot.

From the vineries a path led up the side of the orchard, a joy in the
spring and autumn. I was nearly forgetting about the strawberries, what feasts the whole household had, and the jam that was made. After that the village people came and took what they could find, also of the currants etc. The jam making must have been a tremendous task. The hogshead of sugar was too big to get into the kitchen door, so had to be emptied from the outside, using coal scuttles to shovel the sugar into the huge bins standing in the kitchen, in which was kept also sacks of flour and oatmeal.

To be continued in our December Journal.

We meet on the following dates

25 Feb
25 Mar
22 Apr
27 May
24 Jun
22 Jul
21 Oct
25 Nov.

Meetings are held in Toot Hill Village Hall.
Meetings start at 8.00pm.

Members £1 ~ Visitors £3.

Refreshments

The talks scheduled for this year which we have to postpone due to Covid 19 will be held in 2021.